Beauty of Fishes in Pond (Relaxing Video) (1080p HD)

India is rich with inland freshwater fish, with about 940 species known from its rivers, lakes and estuaries. Of these about 500 species are primary freshwater fish with around 65% endemic, cloistered in the two hot spots of India, the Western Ghats and the North East. 

Fishes are member of paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. Most fishes are ectothermic "cold-blooded", allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change.

Fish is ectothermic, has streamlined body for rapid swimming, extracts oxygen from water using gills or uses accessory breathing organ to breathe atmospheric oxygen, has two sets of paired fins, usually one or two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and a tail fin, has jaws, has skin that is usually covered with scales, and lays eggs.

Fish can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams to the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans.

Fish are an important resource for humans worldwide, especially as food. 

They lacked true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. 

Unlike groupings such as birds or mammals, fish are not a single clade but paraphyletic collection of taxa including hagfishes, lampreys, sharks and rays, ray-finned fish, coelacanths, and lungfish.

Fish species diversity is divided equally between marine (oceanic) and freshwater ecosystems.

Fish exchange gases by pulling oxygen-rich water through their mouths and pumping it over their gills. The gills push the oxygen-poor water out through openings in the sides of the pharynx. 

Most air breathing fish are facultative air breathers that avoid the energetic cost of rising to the surface and the fitness cost of exposure to surface predators.

Fish have closed-loop circulatory system. The heart pumps the blood in a single loop throughout the body. 

Jaws allow fish to eat wide variety of food, including plants and other organisms. Fish ingest food through the mouth and break it down in the esophagus.

Fish release their nitrogenous wastes as ammonia. Some of the wastes diffuse through the gills

The scales of fish originate from the mesoderm (skin); they may be similar in structure to teeth.

Fish have quite small brains relative to body size compared with other vertebrates.

Most fish possess highly developed sense organs. All daylight fish have colour vision that is good as a human. Fish orient themselves using landmarks and may use mental maps based on multiple landmarks or symbols. Fish sense sound using their lateral lines and their ears.

Fish move by alternately contracting paired sets of muscles on either side of the backbone. The streamlined body of the fish decreases the amount of friction from the water.

Fish reproductive organs include testes and ovaries. Over 97% of all known fish are oviparous that is, the eggs develop outside the mother's body.

The newly hatched young of oviparous fish are called larvae. The larval period in oviparous fish is relatively short (only several weeks), and larvae rapidly grow and change appearance and structure to become juveniles. 

Fish suffer from diseases and parasites. To prevent disease they have variety of defences. 

Freshwater fish seem particularly threatened because they live in relatively small water bodies. Overfishing is major threat to edible fish such as cod and tuna.

Threats to these fauna are aplenty with urbanization, deforestation, habitat loss, pollution, over-harvesting, and culture of exotics. 

The only way for a fish enthusiast to save the fish and its habitats is creating awareness among the people.

Jantar Mantar, New Delhi

The Jantar Mantar is the most accurate precision astronomy instrument built in 1774 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II to keep track of celestial bodies. This is a India's contribution to science over the centuries.

Interesting Facts about Hong Kong

Hong Kong was occupied by the British army and then subsequently acquired by United Kingdom as a colony as a result of the Opium Wars in the mid-nineteenth century. Hong Kong was remained a British colony until 1997, when control was officially handed over to Republic of China.

Because it was a British colony for longer time, citizens of Hong Kong were quite different from China. It had a democratic system of local government, free press, and a culture that was deeply influenced by United Kingdom. Many residents of Hong Kong were fearful of the PRC’s intentions for the city.

Therefore, China has assured Hong Kong that it will be allowed to retain its self-governing democratic system for at least fifty years, and it is currently considered as Special Administrative Region and it does not has the same laws or restrictions as the rest of the China.

Till 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of the United Kingdom. After 1997, there is as agreement between China and United Kingdom that Hong Kong will have its own currency (the Hong Kong dollar), legal system and parliamentary system for fifty years. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a part of China. But, for all practical purposes, Hong Kong is actually little separate country to China.

Hong Kong has a wholly separate legal system to China. The Chinese currency is not accepted in Hong Kong similarly Hong Kong dollar is not legal tender in China. Citizens of Hong Kong have their own separate passports (HKSAR passport).

Tourist of Hong Kong who already have visa of Hong Kong, will have to apply for a visa to China separately for visiting China. Similarly citizen of China also require permits to visit Hong Kong. Hong Kong and China has a border too. China maintains a sort of quasi embassy in Hong Kong via the Chinese ministry of foreign affairs.

The official languages of Hong Kong are Chinese (Cantonese) and English, where as China has Mandarin as official languages.

Election in Hong Kong

Hong Kong has a type of democracy but it does not have universal suffrage like other democratic countries. 

Hong Kong has its own mini parliament in the form of LEGCO (Legislative Council). Representatives in LEGCO are either elected by direct election or by Electoral College. 

The resident in Hong Kong who live for more than seven years, are eligible to vote in direct elections, but elect only 1/3 members of the council directly. The remaining 2/3 members are elected by a 20,000 strong functional constituency which are made up of businessmen and professionals such as doctors, engineers, lawyers etc. These groups form into broad parties formed through mutual interests mostly business related.

The Chief Executive is directly answerable to China. The Chief Executive is elected by 800 members drawn from the functional constituency, so there are no direct elections.

The residents of Hong Konger are very concerned about direct election.

Hong Kong Vs China

The sharp contrast in system and culture between Hong Kong and the mainland has caused a fair amount of tension in the years since the handover in 1997. There are significant differences in political culture and systems of government of Hong Kong with remaining China, so the tension between residents of Hong Kong and mainland China will remain for some time to come.

National Symbols and Songs of India

Jana-Gana-Mana (National Anthem) was originally composed in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore. It was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950. Rabindranath Tagore was Bengali philosopher, poet, novelist, artist, playwright, and He got India's first Nobel laureate. 

The National Song of India (Vande Mataram) was composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji. It was a source of inspiration to the people during their struggle for freedom.

National Symbols of India

• National Language : Hindi
• National Game : Hockey
• National Animal : Tiger
• National Bird : Peacock
• National Flower : Lotus
• National Fruit : Mango
• National Tree : Banyan Tree

Coconut Milk and Coconut Oil

Coconut milk and coconut oil are two different products. 

Coconut oil is extracted from the coconut "meat". It is an oil which, when cold, appears solid, but when warmed, either on the stove, or else in a warm place, such as un-airconditioned apartment in the summertime. It can be used in certain dishes as oil, or in the preparation of natural cosmetics. Some people use straight coconut oil to moisturize their body and facial skin. Coconut oil is usually found in natural food stores. 

The term "coconut milk" is often applied to a mixture of the liquid, or juice, from inside the coconut, blended with the "meat" of the coconut. It is whitish in color and has a similar texture to "milk". It can be used as a liquid/flavouring in cooking, drunk on its own as a beverage, or added to other beverages. Commercially, coconut milk is usually found in cans in Asian markets, as well as specialty stores and sometimes in the specialty aisles of larger supermarkets. Some Asian stores sell a powder which can be added to water to make coconut milk. Coconut milk can also be made by blending water with dried unsweetened coconut.

Effect of Coconut Oils on Hypothyroidism

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism such as cold hands and feet, low body temperature, sensitivity to cold, a feeling of always being chilled, headaches, insomnia, dry skin, puffy eyes, hair loss, brittle nails, joint aches, constipation, mental dullness, fatigue, frequent infections, hoarse voice, ringing in the ears, dizziness, loss of libido, and weight gain, which is sometimes uncontrollable. 

Refined sugars and grains have harmful effects on our health. These foods are very taxing on the thyroid gland and we consume them in large quantities.

Low iodine intake leads to low thyroid function and eventually to goiter. Iodized salt was intended to solve this problem but it has not been the answer. There are a number of foods known as goitrogens that block iodine. Two goitrogens are peanuts and peanut butter and soybeans used most often in prepared foods as textured vegetable protein (a refined soy food) and soybean oil.

Environmental stress such as chemical pollutants, pesticides, mercury, and fluoride also has harmful effect on the thyroid. Fluoride which is prevalent in toothpaste and water treatment may inhibit the functioning of the thyroid gland. Mercury can reduce thyroid function because it displaces the trace mineral selenium, and selenium is involved in conversion of thyroid hormones T4 to T3.

The polyunsaturated oils have their interference effect on the function of the thyroid gland. Unsaturated oils block thyroid hormone secretion, its movement in the circulatory system, and the response of tissues to the hormone. When the thyroid hormone is deficient, the body is generally exposed to increased levels of estrogen. The thyroid hormone is essential for making the ‘protective hormones’ progesterone and pregnenolone, so these hormones are lowered when anything interferes with the function of the thyroid. The thyroid hormone is required for using and eliminating cholesterol, so cholesterol is likely to be raised by anything which blocks the thyroid function.

The fattening effect of polyunsaturated oils is due to the presence of Linoleic and linolenic acids, long-chain fatty acids which have an anti-thyroid effect.

Coconut oil is a saturated fat made up primarily of medium chain fatty acids. The medium chain fatty acids (medium chain triglycerides or MCTs) are known to increase metabolism and promote weight loss. Coconut oil can also raise basal body temperatures while increasing metabolism. 

One of the reasons the long chain fatty acids in vegetable oils are so damaging to the thyroid is that they oxidize quickly and become rancid. Food manufacturers know about this tendency of vegetable oils towards rancidity and they highly refine their vegetable oils. The trans fatty acids, present when vegetable oils are highly refined (hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated), are especially damaging to cell tissue and can have a negative affect on the thyroid as well as health in general. Because the longer chain fatty acids are deposited in cells more often as rancid and oxidizing fat, impairment of the conversion of thyroid hormone T4 to T3 occurs which is indicative of hypothyroidism. To create the enzymes needed to convert fats to energy, T4 must be converted to T3.

When the oils are stored in our tissues, they are much warmer and more directly exposed to oxygen and so their tendency to oxidize is very great. These oxidative processes can damage enzymes and other parts of cells, and especially their ability to produce energy. The enzymes which break down proteins are inhibited by unsaturated fats; these enzymes are needed not only for digestion, but also for production of thyroid hormones, clot removal, immunity, and the general adaptability of cells. 

Since the unsaturated oils block protein digestion in the stomach, we can be malnourished even while “eating well.” There are many changes in hormones caused by unsaturated fats. Unsaturated oils block thyroid hormone secretion, its movement in the circulatory system, and the response of tissues to the hormone. 

Coconut oil has ability to prevent weight-gain or cure obesity by stimulating metabolism. It is quickly metabolized and functions in some ways as an antioxidant.

Coconut oil is saturated and very stable. Coconut oil does not require the enzyme stress that vegetable oils do, preventing T4 to T3 hormone conversion, not only because it is stable oil, but also because it is processed differently in the body and does not need to be broken down by enzyme dependent processes as do long chain fatty acids. Also, since the liver is the main place where damage occurs from oxidized oils that cause cell membrane damage, and since the liver is where much of the conversion of T4 to T3 takes place, eliminating long chain fatty acids from the diet and replacing them with medium chain fatty acids found in coconut oil can help in rebuilding cell membranes and increasing enzyme production that will assist in promoting the conversion of T4 to T3 hormones.

Indian student Shreya creates world record in SAT, TOEFL scores

Shreya Vardhan, a Class XII student of Delhi Public School, RK Puram, who has created a record by scoring a perfect 2400 in her SAT test and in her TOEFL test for admission to foreign Universities.

Easy Tips to check Water Adulteration in Milk (Hindi) (1080p HD)

A lactometer is an instrument that is used to check for the purity of milk by measuring its density.

An instrument to find out the content of the water in the milk or to test the richness of the milk is thus termed as 'lactometers'. The lactometer works on the principle of gravity of milk. The construction of this instrument is very unique as there is long vessel test tube and meter bulb attached to it so that whenever the milk is poured into the vessel the meter bulb starts floating on it. The purity of the milk gets tested without any dilution of water content in it.

These lactometers are known for precision design, accurate measurement and reliability. These lactometers are used highly at milk processing units and at dairies.

The various types of the lactometer are mercury coated lactometer which is highly acknowledged for its precision design and efficiency. Lactometer consists of test tubes and meter bulb which are two of the main parts of the lactometer.

Today we drink milk to remain fit and healthy but we do not get to know whether the milk is adulterated with the water or not.

Thus to testify the same thing use of lactometers are very effectively method.

Most of the milkman mix water in the milk to by reducing the contents of rich milk which only are essential for our body.

To avoid the mixing of water in the milk lactometers are very much used and have gained importance in due course period of time.

A lactometer measures the density of milk. It tells the user how much water is in the milk that is being sampled. This is an instrument used to determine the richness of milk. Lactometer indirectly measures the cream content of milk. The more cream, the lower the lactometer floats in the milk.

A Lactometer is a little glass instruments that tests the purity of milk based on density/buoyancy and works on the principle of the specific gravity of milk.

Principle of Lactometer :

It is based on the Archemedes' principle. When we put lactometer inside the liquid it experience buoyant force (weight of displace fluid). Hence measure relative density in the given scale of lactometer. Lower the density of liquid farther, the lactometer will sink.

So, if water adulterated in milk, it will decrease the specific density of our milk. So, lactometer will sink more according amount of water adulterated in milk. Lactometer can give real idea of amount of adulteration of water in our milk sample.

So, more adulteration of water in milk, more lactometer will sink in that adulterated milk.

Principles of Lactometer

An instrument to find out the content of the water in the milk or to test the richness of the milk is thus termed as 'lactometers'. The lactometer works on the principle of gravity of milk. The construction of this instrument is very unique as there is long vessel test tube and meter bulb attached to it so that whenever the milk is poured into the vessel the meter bulb starts floating on it. The purity of the milk gets tested without any dilution of water content in it. These lactometers are known for precision design, accurate measurement and reliability. These lactometers are used highly at milk processing units and at dairies. 

The various types of the lactometer are mercury coated lactometer which is highly acknowledged for its precision design and efficiency. The other type is the steel ball lactometer which known for its accuracy and longer working life. Lactometer consists of test tubes and meter bulb which are two of the main parts of the lactometer. The various parts of the lactometers are lacto jars which are made from stainless steel. Lacto jar are made from plastic for zeal type of lactometer. These lactometers offer accurate results and are very much appreciated for long lasting performance. 

Lactometers are very much used for industrial purpose where the milk which is manufactured is tested first and then is sent to make various products. 

Today we drink milk to remain fit and healthy but we do not get to know whether the milk is adulterated with the water or not. 

Thus to testify the same thing use of lactometers are very effectively method. Most of the milkman mix water in the milk to by reducing the contents of rich milk which only are essential for our body. 

To avoid the mixing of water in the milk lactometers are very much used and have gained importance in due course period of time.

Operation of the hydrometer is based on Archimedes' principle that a solid suspended in a fluid will be buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Thus, the lower the density of the substance, the farther the hydrometer will sink. 

A Lactometer measures the cream content of milk. The more cream, the lower the lactometer floats in the milk.

Swami Vivekananda Rock Memorial

Closer View

Vivekananda Rock Memorial is a monument and it is a popular tourist attraction in Vavathurai, Kanyakumari, India. The memorial stands on one of two rocks located about 500 meters east off mainland of Vavathurai, India's southernmost tip. It was built in 1970 by the Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committeein in the honour of the visit of the Swami Vivekananda to Shripada Parai during the month of December 1892. The rock is approachable only by boat which provides a pleasure cruise into the sea. 

Swami Vivekananda came down to Kanyakumari on 24 December of 1892 before his departure for Chicago to participate in the World Religious Conference in 1893. He sat on meditation on this rock for two. The Memorial inaugurated in 1970 and is a blend of various architectural styles of India. The Memorial was constructed in 2081 working days with an average of 650 men working. 

It is located at the southern most tip of the Indian Peninsula where the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal meet. (Kanyakumari) This place is famous for its spectacular sunrises and sunsets. Here out in the sea, about 400m from the shore, on a rocky islet lies a magnificent monument, a memorial dedicated to Swami Vivekananda, social reformer. 

The memorial was built in 1970 by the Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee to honor the visit of Swami Vivekananda here in December of 1892 for deep meditation. The memorial designed by Sthapati Sri S.K. Achari and consecrated by Srimad Swami Vireshwarananda, President of Ramakrishna mission. 

The memorial as a whole has two main structures Vivekananda Mandapam and Sripada Mandapam, on two rocks standing adjacent to each other separated by about 70 metres. The smaller rock known as 'Sripada Parai' has been revered as a sacred place even from very ancient times. It is now enclosed in a square shrine or Sripada Madapam. This shrine consists of the sanctum sanctorum, an inner compartment as well as outer compartment. There is an outer platform all around. 

Vivekananda Mandapam

Vivekananda Mandapam with a dimension of 534' x 426' consists of a Meditation Hall ( Dhyana Mandapam) with six adjacent rooms where visitors can meditate peacefully and an Assembly hall (Sabha Mandapam) with two rooms and a corridor. A statue of Swami Vivekananda in a standing posture has also been installed in the Assembly hall with its vision directed towards the 'Sripadam'. The entire Memorial Mandapam is similar to that of Sri Ramakrishna Temple at Belur, and the entrance is designed on the Ajanta and Ellora cave temples’ style. The sacred Hindu Symbol 'aum' or 'om' is written above the main entrance of the memorial, in Tamil. The design of the mandapa incorporates different styles of temple architecture from all over India. Wide entrance steps lead to the main entrance. The rock on which the memorial stands measures about 164. x 130 (mtrs). at the water level and has a spacious level top at an altitude of 17 mtrs. 

Sri Pada Mandapam

The rock on which the Memorial stands has, in puranic tradition been known as the Sri Pada Parai. (This in Tamil means the rock that has been blessed by the feet of the Goddesses). On this rock there is a small projection resembling the human foot, which has been revered as a symbol of Sri Padam. The special significance and sanctity attached to this rock might have promoted Swami Vivekananda, devotee of ‘Kali’ and ‘Durga’, to venture across the sea for his long meditation. 

This square hall consists of (1) Garbha Graham (Sanctum Sanctorum) (2) Inner Prakaram (3) Outer Prakaram and (4) Outer Platform all around. Both the Mandapams are so designed that the vision of Swamiji in the statue would be seen direct towards the Shripadam. 

Swami Vivekanada (1863-1902) renounced the world and traveled widely as a wandering monk after the death of his guru Sri Ramakrishna. He came to Kanyakumari in 1892, swam in the ocean up to the 'Sripada' rock, and spent the whole night there meditating. The next year in 1893, he attended the Parliament of Religions, a major event in the modern history of Hinduism, held in Chicago, and spread the Vedantha philosophy and religion in the West. He founded the Ramakrishna math and mission in 1897. 

Poompuhar Shipping Corporation operates regular ferry service to the island from the mainland. The memorial attracts thousands of visitors and offers a spectacular view of the mainland and the ocean. It opens from Wednesday to Monday from 0700 to 1100 in the morning and from 1400 to 1700 in the afternoon. Nearby there is a recently erected Tiruvalluvar statue, the author of the philosophical work 'Tirukkural', a treatise on the Indian way of life.

Life Style of Google Boy (Kautilya Pandit) by Jai Kishan Sharma (Hindi) ...

What is life style and secret of of Google Boy (Kautilya Pandit) according to his grandfather Jai Kishan Sharma?

Kautiya Pandit living in Karnal district in Haryana has a sound knowledge about geographical boundaries, outlines and other information related to the subject. Six years old Kautilya Pandit studies in Class One and at this tender age, He knows area-wise geographical distribution of land on earth.

His grandfather (retired teacher) said that a child's brain is like an elephant. It does not know how powerful it is. Kautilya Pandit said that his parents are his greatest teacher.

Jai Kishan Sharma says there is nothing mysterious about his son's penchant for trivia. "It is because he is keenly interested in learning anything he can about different countries."

The psychology department of Kurukshetra University said that Kautiya Pandit 's IQ stood around 130 points against 92-110 of a normal kid and should pay particular attention to his schooling.

For his exceptional memory and IQ (130), Kautilya Pandit was recently awarded Rs 10 lakh by the Haryana government. But the real challenge is ensuring that He gets the kind of education he deserves. "Sometime Kautilya says he wants to become an IAS officer, at other times, a scientist or astronaut," says his father.

Benefits of Vehicle Insurance by Pardeep Chhabra (Hindi) (1020p HD)

Every person who used a vehicle on the road should have at least third party personal injury insurance. It is compulsory to have vehicle insurance before using or keeping a motor vehicle on public roads. Therefore motorist cannot drive the vehicle until it is insured. Auto Insurance deals with the insurance covers for the damage caused to the automobile or its parts due to natural and man-made calamities. 

It is required by law, and you may very well be on your way to trouble if you cannot comply with it. What are the benefits of having your car insured? The answer is simple. It provides financial security, responsibility in case of accidents and payment along with total peace of mind. 

It also covers the bills of vehicle repairs due to damage caused in an accident. Car or Bike insurance acts like a friend at the time of crisis. People who drive and have car insurance know that they have a safety net that will help them tackle any financial or legal problems that might arise out of a car accident. 

Car insurance can help offset the loss of huge total in the following manner :

• It provides benefits to survivors when an accident results in death. 
• It covers the bills of vehicle repairs due to damage caused in an accident. 
• It covers lawsuits, including legal fees brought against you as the result of an accident. 
• It covers damage caused by other than an accident for example, theft, fire, etc. 
• Additional Discounts : Car insurance policies allow premium discounts for theft or for owning more than one policy with the same insurer. It also provides added advantage to extend coverage to others driving your car with your permission. 

Car premium is determined by a number of factors and the amount of premium increases with the rise in the price of the vehicle. The claims of the Auto Insurance can be accidental, theft claims or third party claims.